The project

This sample project contains a necessary condition analysis (NCA) (Dul, 2016; Dul 2020) example for the corporate reputation model (Eberl & Schwaiger, 2005; Schwaiger, 2004) - see also Hair et al. (2022) and Hair et al. (2024). The data (344 observations) are from the German cell phone industry. As explained explained by Hair et al. (2024), Richter et al. (2020), and Richter et al. (2022), the construct scores generated by PLS-SEM are used to build regression models for the relationships between the constructs in the structural model. Based on these regression models, SmartPLS supports the NCA.

Download and import

Simply download the project and import it in SmartPLS 4.

References

Dul, J. (2016). Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA): Logic and Methodology of "Necessary but not Sufficient" Causality. Organizational Research Methods, 19(1): 10-52.

Dul, J. (2020). Conducting Necessary Condition Analysis. Sage: London.

Eberl, M. & Schwaiger, M. (2005). Corporate Reputation: Disentangling the Effects on Financial Performance. European Journal of Marketing, 39(7/8), 838-854.

Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., and Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 3rd Ed., Sage: Thousand Oaks.

Hair, J.F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M., & Gudergan, S.P. (2024). Advanced Issues in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd Ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Richter, N. F., Schubring, S., Hauff, S., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2020). When Predictors of Outcomes are Necessary: Guidelines for the Combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 120(12): 2243-2267.

Richter, N. F., Hauff, S., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Kolev, A., and Schubring, S. (2023). How to Apply Necessary Condition Analysis in PLS-SEM. In J. F. Hair, R. Noonan & H. Latan (Eds.), Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Basic Concepts, Methodological Issues and Applications (forthcoming). Springer: Cham.

Schwaiger, M. (2004). Components and Parameters of Corporate Reputation: An Empirical Study. Schmalenbach Business Review, 56(1), 46-71.